Degree in Philosophy (Faculty of Arts and Philosophy, University of Parma): 110 cum laude with a thesis titled The Political Thought of Benjamin Constant; PhD in Sociology and Political Systems (March 2004); Expert in the subject of History of Political Doctrines since March 2005; Research Fellowship: Freedom and Authority in Institutions and the State in Europe (from March 2007 to February 2011), Department of Economics, University of Parma; Research Fellowship: War and Peace in the History of Political Thought from the Post-Revolutionary Age to Contemporary Debate (from September 2011 to September 2012), Department of Political and Social Studies, University of Parma; National Scientific Qualification (ASN) in the second tier for macro-sector 14/B1 (2013); Fixed-term researcher type b (senior) in History of Political Doctrines (SPS/02) since December 3, 2015 (Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Bologna); Associate Professor in History of Political Doctrines (SPS/02) since December 4, 2018 (Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Bologna); National Scientific Qualification (ASN) Full Professor for macro-sector 14/B1 (2023).