31866 - Extraction of Phyto-derivatives II

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the students acquire the theoretical preparation for the development of up-to-date and innovative strategies for extracting pure phytochemicals. The student is able to assess the quality of herbal products through laboratory activities.

Course contents

PROGRAM OF LESSONS

Extraction techniques:

Phytocomplex and Phytoderivatives. Extraction procedures and types of extracts, solvents and vegetal matrices.

Classical techniques:

Solid-liquid extraction. Solid phase extraction.

Distillation techniques: Simple distillation. Steam distillation. Fractional distillation at atmospheric and reduced pressure. Molecular distillation.

Modern techniques:

Rapid Solid-Liquid Dynamic Extraction (RSLDE, Naviglio Estrattore).

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE). Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE, PHWE). Ionic liquid-assisted extraction (ILAE). Enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE).

Sustainable extraction of phytochemicals, nutraceuticals and bioactive compounds from biomass and waste.

Isolation and Purification techniques: 

Sublimation. Crystallization. Chromatography.

Identification and characterization techniques:

Thin layer chromatography (TLC), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, IR infrared spectroscopy, melting point, NMR.

 

PROGRAM OF THE LABORATORY ACTIVITIES

-Extraction of alkaloids from Piper nigrum (fructis)

 -Extraction of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng

 -Steam distillation of eugenol contained in Eugenia caryophyllata and of cinnamaldehyde in Cinnamomum zeylanicum

 -Sustainable extraction of lycopene from tomato waste

-Extraction of chlorophyll from the leaves of Spinacea oleracea

-Extraction of xanthine alkaloids from the leaves of Camelia sinensis

-Extraction of curcumin from root of Curcuma longa

-MAE of essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllatae

-Purification of terpenes: camphor from aerial parts of Cinnamomum camphora

-Checking for possible adulteration in two dried herbal drugs and in a herbal product: Calendula officinalis, Arnica montana, standard di Boiron

Readings/Bibliography

1) Vogel. Chimica Organica Pratica. Casa Editrice Ambrosiana, Seconda Edizione, Milano 1988

2) R. M. Roberts, J.C. Gilbert, S. F. Martin. Chimica Organica Sperimentale. Zanichelli, Bologna 2003

3) A.J. Handely. Extraction Methods In Organic Analysis. Sheffield Academic Press, Canada 1999

4) D.L. Pavia, G. M. Lampman, G.S. Kriz. Il Laboratorio Di Chimica Organica, Edizioni Sorbona , Milano 1994

5) P.M. Dewick. Chimica, Biosintesi E Bioattivita' Delle Sostanze Naturali. Piccin, Padova 2000

6) Marco D'ischia La Chimica Organica In Laboratorio Piccin Padova 2002

7) Paul H. List, Peter C. Scmidt I Farmaci Di Origine Vegetale Tecnologie Di Estrazione Delle Piante Medicinali, Hoepli 1993

8) Natural Product Isolation: An Overview Book Series Methods in Biotechnology, ISSN 1940-6061 (Print) 1940-607X (Online) Volume Volume 20 Edition Second Edition

9) Slides and lecture notes, selected references will be provided during lessons

Teaching methods

The course consists of 24 h lectures, wherein the main extraction and purification techniques and methodologies applied to the different classes of phytoderivatives are discussed.

The course will also include 36 h laboratory activities. There will be single seat laboratory activities, aimed at providing to each student the opportunity to apply the different extraction/purification methods of herbal drugs (outlined in theoretical form during lectures), by firsthand using the required techniques and methodologies.

Considering the activities and teaching methods adopted in this course, attending it requires the students to have already completed modules 1 and 2 (in e-learning mode at this web address [https://elearning-sicurezza.unibo.it/?lang=en], as well as module 3 (in person) of the specific "Health and Safety in places of study" course. An updated schedule and the manner of attending module 3 are available in the corresponding section of the Graduation Programme webpage [https://corsi.unibo.it/laurea/ScienzeFarmaceutiche/corsi-formazione-sicurezza].

Assessment methods

The exam will consist in an oral discussion aimed at assessing students' understanding of the subjects presented during lessons, involving the presentiation of a laboratory experience among those developed during laboratory activities, followed by two questions on general topics. The student must prepare the laboratory notebook, which has to be sent by e-mail to the teacher at least 3 days before taking the oral exam.

Teaching tools

Videoprojector, pc, laboratory for practical exercises.

Teaching properly uploaded on Virtuale

Office hours

See the website of Filippo Basagni