31865 - Extraction of Phyto-derivatives I

Learning outcomes

THE COURSE PROVIDES AN INTRODUCTION TO VARIOUS TECHNIQUES OF EXTRACTION OF NATURAL COMPOUNDS OF PHARMACEUTICAL INTEREST. MAJOR OBJECTIVES OF COURSE ARE IMPROVEMENT OF SKILL IN THE TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF LABORATORY WORK (I.E. SAFE HANDLING OF CHEMICALS, APPARATUS MANIPULATION) AND INTRODUCTION TO TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURES IMPORTANT TO THE SUCCESSFUL PRACTICE OF EXPERIMENTS

Course contents

COURSE:  ESTRAZIONE DEI FITODERIVATI (C.I.) 8CFU

ESTRAZIONE DEI FITODERIVATI 1-TECNICHE DI DASE 6CFU: 3CFU TEOTRICI 3CFU ESERCITAZIONALE PROF.ALBERTO LEONI

Apparatus and reaction procedures: glassware, apparatus with interchangeable ground glass joints suitable for general use in preparative organic chemistry: care and maintenance. Cooling and heating of reaction mixtures. Mechanical agitation.
Isolation and purification processes: Solids purification. Decolouration. Filtration techniques: filter funnels and membrane filters. Recrystallisation tecniques. Extraction theory. Solvent extraction. Countercurrent extraction: Craig apparatus. Solid phase extraction. Drying of solids and apparatus.  Drying of liquids or of solutions of organic compounds in organic solvents. Distillation. Rotary evaporator. Steam distillation. Fractional distillation at atmospheric and diminished pressure. Molecular distillation. Purification of common organic solvents. Silica gel column chromatography: flash chromatography.
Microwave-assisted extraction 

Quantitative solid phase extraction (SPE)
Determination of phytomarkers in vegetable extracts 
Extraction, biosynthesis of phytomarkers.Guidelines for Keeping a Laboratory Record.
Practical laboratory:
-Synthesis of acetylsalicylic acid.
-Resolution of racemic 1-phenylethylamine by fractional crystallization.
-Extraction, purification and quantitative determination of beta-carotene from Lycospericon esculentum
-Extraction and separation of hibiscus acid, hibiscin and caffeic acid from dried calyces of Hisbiscus subdariffa by extralut column.
-Extraction of trimyristine from Myristica fragrans
- Extraction of cichoric acid, chlorogenic acid, and echinacosides from tops and leaves of Echinacea pallida and roots of Echinacea angustifolia.
- Extraction of flavonoids and essential oil from dried flowers of Matricaria camomilla.
- Extraction and quantitative determination of nicotine fron dried leaves of Nicotiana tabaccum.
- Solid phase extraction and quantitative determination of xanthines from dried leaves of Thea sinensis. 

Readings/Bibliography

Readings/Bibliography 1) VOGEL. CHIMICA ORGANICA PRATICA. CASA EDITRICE AMBROSIANA, SECONDA EDIZIONE, MILANO 1988 2) R. M. ROBERTS, J.C. GILBERT, S. F. MARTIN. CHIMICA ORGANICA SPERIMENTALE. ZANICHELLI, BOLOGNA 2003 3) A.J. HANDELY. EXTRACTION METHODS IN ORGANIC ANALYSIS. SHEFFIELD ACADEMIC PRESS, CANADA 1999 4) D.L. PAVIA, G. M. LAMPMAN, G.S. KRIZ. IL LABORATORIO DI CHIMICA ORGANICA, EDIZIONI SORBONA , MILANO 1994 5) P.M. DEWICK. CHIMICA, BIOSINTESI E BIOATTIVITA' DELLE SOSTANZE NATURALI. PICCIN, PADOVA 2000 6) MARCO D'ISCHIA LA CHIMICA ORGANICA IN LABORATORIO PICCIN PADOVA 2002 LUCIDI, CD, APPUNTI DI LEZIONI, COPIE DI ARTICOLI INERENTI GLI ARGOMENTI DI LEZIONE 7) PAUL H. LIST, PETER C. SCMIDT I FARMACI DI ORIGINE VEGETALE TECNOLOGIE DI ESTRAZIONE DELLE PIANTE MEDICINALI, HOEPLI 1993

Teaching methods

The course will be supported by laboratory exercises. The
laboratory exercises will be individual and will aim to
provide each student the opportunity to apply the various
methods of preparing extracts of herbal drugs outlined
in theoretical form in class.

In consideration of the types of activities and teaching methods adopted, the attendance of this training activity requires the performance of all students of modules 1 and 2 in e-learning mode and participation in module 3 of specific training on safety and health in the places of study. Information on dates and methods of attendance of module 3 can be consulted in the specific section of the degree program website.

Assessment methods

FINAL EXAMINATION:
A comprehensive final exam is given at the end of the semester.

Teaching tools

PC, LABORATORY OF CHEMISTRY, TRASPARENCIES, VIDEOPROJECTORS

Educational resources on Virtual

[https://virtuale.unibo.it/course/view.php?id=26042]

Office hours

See the website of Alberto Leoni