66606 - Anatomy

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student knows the organization, both at the macroscopic and microscopic, of the apparatuses that make up the body of animals. In particular, the student is able to describe the anatomical basis of the apparatus of farm animals and wildlife. It has the basics to follow critically the teachings of physiology and comparative morpho-functional evaluation of animals.

Course contents

The course is aimed to give knowledge about the structural organization of the organs and the apparatus that form the organism of the main species of animals. Both macroscopic and microscopic features will be examined.

Cytology: plasma membrane

Histology. Epithelium: classification and microscopic structure, glycocalyx, microvilli, cilia, stereocilia. Glands: general classification; morphological characteristics of exocrine and endocrine glands. Connective and supportive tissues: cells, ground substance, fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic). Muscular tissue (skeletal, cardiac, smooth); contractile filaments. Nervous tissue; structural organization and functional morphology of the neurons; synapses.

Anatomy. LOCOMOTOR SYSTEM. Osteology: axial, cingular and appendicular skeleton. Interspecific differences. Arthrology: classification of joints. Myology: general myology and accessory structures. The main muscles of thoracic and pelvic limbs. The appendicular skeleton of birds.

CARDIAC-CIRCULATORY AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM: blood- vascular system;  heart; topography, external and internal conformation. Lymphatic system;  bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and thymus.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. Thoracic cavity. Nasal cavities, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Lung: structure. Birds respiratory system: syrinx and air sac.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Oral cavity and salivary glands. Pharynx. Oesophagus. Abdominal cavity. Peritoneum. Stomach: shape, structure; interspecific differences. Forestomach: shape, structure. Small and large intestine: shape, structure; interspecific differences. Liver: shape, structure; interspecific differences. Pancreas: shape, structure. The digestive system of birds.

UROGENITAL SYSTEM. Kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra. Testicles: shape, structure; interspecific differences. Epididymis, ductus deferens, accessory genital glands. Ovaries, shape, structure; interspecific differences. Uterine tubes. Uterus: shape, structure; interspecific differences. Placenta. Mammary gland: structure; interspecific differences. The female genital organs of bird.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM. Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, pancreatic islets, adrenal gland.

NERVOUS SYSTEM. Brain and spinal cord, spinal nerves, autonomic nervous system.

COMMON INTEGUMENT Skin of Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fishes. Horns and antlers. The birds plumage.

Readings/Bibliography

Bortolami R., Callegari E., Clavenzani P., Beghelli V. Anatomia e fisiologia degli animali domestici. Edagricole (nuova edizione).

Rosati P., Colombo R., Maraldi N., istologia. Ed. Ermes.

BOOKS TO CONSULT

Konig-Liebich “Anatomia dei mammiferi domestici  Vol. I e II. Ed. Piccin.

Hans-Georg Liebich Istologia ed anatomia microscopica dei mammiferi domestici e degli uccelli. Ed. Piccin.

Teaching methods

For the performance of the frontal lessons will be used PowerPoint presentations projected on the appropriate screen. The practical exercises in a special classroom equipped, will result in the microscopic observation of histological sections of all tissues and organs topic of study. Anatomical models in scale, will be supportive for learning the macroscopic anatomy. Exercises with fresh organic material from the slaughterhouse.

Assessment methods

Verification of learning is done through an oral test. The oral exam aims to test knowledge acquisition under the program of the course. The final grade are expressed in thirtieths.

Teaching tools

PowerPoint presentation projected on the appropriate screen, histological preparations, scale models of anatomical preparations, fresh organic material found to be slaughtered.

Office hours

See the website of Maurizio Mazzoni