- Docente: Gerardo Martinelli
- Credits: 2
- Language: Italian
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: Long cycle 2nd degree programme in Medicine (cod. 0080)
Learning outcomes
The knowledge of the fundamental various conditions of Anaesthesia, as well as the recognition, diagnosis and dealing with the different critical and emergency situations of Intensive Care.
The Student will get to know the basis of General and Local Anaesthetics, the effects, the relative and real risks involved and the security measures of the different techniques. Within the field of the control of the vital organs (Intensive Care) and of their resuscitation (Reanimation and Emergency Interventions), the main monitoring systems and the principal basics of respiratory and cardio-circulatory assistance, which are the basics in the treatment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and which constitute the first steps to a chance of survival will be addressed. Taking into consideration that all medical health employees should be able to carry out the basis of Basic Life Support (BLS), relevant lessons and a practical session are foreseen during the obligatory training period. The topic of the organisation of local medical assistance in Emilia-Romagna will also be covered.
Conclusively the delicate issues of treatment limitations and indications for admittance into Intensive Care will be discussed together with the Students, as well as the declaration of cerebral death and organ donation.
Course contents
Anaesthesia
General characteristics of anaesthesia.
Physiology of anaesthesia.
Anaesthetics.
General and Local Anaesthesia.
Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure
Target exams of the patient with acute respiratory failure.
Instrumental emergency diagnosis.
Specialised diagnosis.
Physiopathology of the acute respiratory failure.
Emergency resuscitation treatment (management of the air tract).
Longer term resuscitation treatment (mechanical respiratory assistance).
Patients with acute dysfunction syndrome
Target exams of the patient with dysfunction.
Instrumental emergency diagnosis.
Specialised diagnosis.
Consequential effects and the dysfunctional organ. (physiopathology of the dysfunction).
Organ protection and reanimation treatment (conservation of the vital function).
Cardio-circulatory support.
Patients in coma for unknown reasons
Diagnosis of the state of the coma.
Scale of coma.
Target exams of the patient in coma.
Instrumental emergency diagnosis.
General principles of specialised diagnosis.
Maintenance of the vital functions and organ protection in coma patients.
Emergency local medical assistance in Emilia-Romagna: Application of the under mentioned
Fundamental principles for the organisation of the emergency.
National organisation of the emergency system.
Local organisation of the emergency system.
Cardio-respiratory arrest patients
Principal causes of cardio-respiratory arrest.
Anamnesis and hypothesis of specialised diagnosis.
Basics of first aid (BLS).
Basics of advanced first aid (ALS).
Cerebral death
Diagnosis.
Legal situation.
Organ donation.
Reanimation
General characteristics of the patient “in the process of reanimation”.
General characteristics of the “pathologies derived from reanimation”.
General characteristics of the Intensive Care Unit: staff and instrumental equipment.
Cure limitations and onset of death
Extreme treatment and therapeutic persistency: resuscitation ethics.
Brief account of the legalities involved.
Inhalation of foreign objects: asphyxiated patients
Objectivity of the asphyxiated patient.
Instrumental exams (laparoscopy).
Emergency treatment of the asphyxiated patient.
Instrumental removal of foreign bodies from the respiratory tract.
Deterioration of the air tract
Respiratory emergency: respiratory assistance and isolation of the air tract.
Readings/Bibliography
- G. Martinelli, L. Lorenzini, S. Faenza, A. Zanoni Argomenti di ANESTESIA E RIANIMAZIONE Tratti dal “Core Curriculum Nazionale” Ed. Dupress 2004
- E. Romano e Coll. “Anestesia Generale e Speciale – Principi – Procedure – Tecniche” Ed. UTET 1991
- G. Tiberio e Coll. “Emergenze Medico Chirurgiche” Ed. Masso, 1998
- R. Tufano e Coll. “Emergenze Medico Chirurgiche” Ed. UTET, 1998
Teaching methods
During the lessons the above mentioned subjects will be covered. In addition to the course there will be a practical session of a BLS simulation on a mannequin during the training period.
Assessment methods
An oral exam based on a series of questions designed to verify the above mentioned objectives and knowledge attained.
Teaching tools
Video projector, PC.
Office hours
See the website of Gerardo Martinelli