37215 - Laboratory of Anatomy (Part 2) (C2)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student is able to describe human macroscopic anatomy and topography of the central and peripheral nervous system and apparatus integumentary, endocrine, digestive and urogenital. Moreover ,the student is able to make recognition and diagnosis of organs of the microscopic preparations of the various parts of the digestive, urogenital, integumentary, and key structures of both NSC and PNS.

Course contents

DIGESTIVE APPARATUS

Oral cavity and correlated formations. Topography, systematic anatomy, blood supply, innervation of the different sections of the digestive tract. Behavior of the peritoneum in relation to the development of organs.

URINARY SYSTEM

Kidney: Renal loggia, internal and external configuration, vascularization, innervation, functional anatomy of the nephron. Course, vessels and nerves of the urinary tract. Organogenesis of the urinary tract.

MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

Male gonads. Course of the spermatic tract and glands. External genital organs. Organogenesis the male genital system.

FEMALE GENITAL

Female gonads. Genital tract: uterine tubes, uterus, vagina. External genital organs. Mammary gland. Organogenesis the female genital system.

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Topography, macroscopic anatomy, microscopic and functional thyroid gland, parathyroid, adrenal, endocrine pancreas.

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Organization and development of the central nervous system.

Spinal cord: external and internal configuration. Spinal nerve roots. Organization of the gray substance and of the white substance.

Brain Stem: bulb, pons, midbrain. External configuration and reports. Fourth ventricle, brainstem, quadrigeminal plate, mesencephalic aqueduct.

Cerebellum: external and internal configuration, structure and architecture cerebellar cortex.

Diencephalon: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus and subthalamus. III ventricle.

Telencephalon: general conformation. Fissures, lobes, gyri, cortex, brain areas. Lateral ventricles. Subcortical nuclei and organization of the white substance. Main commissural systems of the telencephalon. Limbic system.

Encephalic and spinal meninges: dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater, canvas and choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid.

Vascularization of the neuraxis: vascularization of the spinal cord and brain. Internal carotid artery. Vertebrobasilar system. Circle of Willis. Cerebral arteries. Venous sinuses of dura mater. Autonomic nervous system: sympathetic nervous system and related complexes. Brainstem and sacral parasympathetic system.

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

Spinal nerves and brain nerves.

Specific sensitivity apparatus: sight apparatus and hearing apparatus

Readings/Bibliography

Netter F., Atlante di Anatomia Umana, Edra

Netter, Atlante di Neuroscienze

Anastasi G. et al., Anatomia Umana (3vol), Edi Ermes

Young B. et al., Wheater Istologia ed Anatomia microscopica, Edra

Anatomia del Gray , 40° ed (2 volumi), Edra

Teaching methods

Exercises with extensive use of images, such as to facilitate the acquisition of fundamental anatomical basis through the stimulation of visual memory.

The exercises of Macroscopic Anatomy are held at the Laboratory of Anatomy, Morgagni Pierantoni Hospital - Forlì. Students, divided into small groups, will use the virtual anatomical table "Anatomage".

The Teachers of the Course, after having detailed the microscopic characteristics of the individual organs, guide the students, divided into small groups, to the observation of the preparations with the optical microscope.

At the end of the Cours, the teachers will conduct workshops dissection of corpses to the Sala Settoria, Via Irnerio 48, Bologna.

Office hours

See the website of Sara Salucci