59209 - Applied Nursing Methodology (B)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course the student knows the Functional Models of Health and the nursing methodology to progressively respond to the different degrees of care complexity that the person / family / community present.

Course contents

Application of the nursing care process in reference to:
- activity and physical exercise model;
- sleep and rest model;
- roles and relationships model.

General information and factors influencing the model; characteristics and alterations that may occur; useful data for nursing assessment; nursing diagnoses NANDA-I taxonomy, outcomes (NOC) and interventions (NIC) linked to diagnoses.

Contents:

Vital signs and oxygen therapy
- Definition of vital parameters
- Moments of detection of vital parameters
- Pulse characteristics and influencing factors
- Pulse detection locations
- Pulse detection methods (auscultation, palpation, doppler with respective procedures)
- Factors influencing blood pressure
- Reference range according to AHA classification
- Blood pressure measurement methods and related procedures
Korotkoff sounds
- Potential errors in blood pressure measurement
- Breathing: influencing factors, characteristics
- Respiration rate detection
- Pulse oximetry
- Oxygen therapy and aerosol therapy
- Oxygen delivery systems and interfaces
- The Venturi system
- Calculation of FiO2
- Differentiation between internal and external temperatures with various detection methods and reference ranges
- Definition of pain
- Consequences of untreated pain
- Pain assessment moments
- Intensity and localization rating scales
- FLACC and PAINAD scale

Thermoregulation
- Definition of homeostasis and thermoregulation, physiological - regulatory mechanisms
- Thermopreservation and thermodispersion
- Factors that affect body temperature
- Manifestations of alteration of thermoregulation
- Types of fever
- Assistance to the person with fever (febrile phases)
- Diagnostic tests and investigations
- Blood cultures and execution procedure

Physical activity-exercise model: respiratory function
- Anatomical and physiological notes of respiratory function
- Respiratory function and life stages
- Airway defense mechanisms
- Factors influencing respiratory function
- Useful data during the assessment phase (subjective and objective)--> periodic breathing patterns, cyanosis, chest diameter, sputum characteristics
- Diagnostic tests and procedures
- Peripheral pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis
Hb dissociation curve
- NANDA-I diagnoses related to the topic
- General objectives and NOC results
- NIC interventions
- Emergency airway management (outline)

Physical activity-exercise model: cardiovascular function
- Anatomical and physiological notes of cardiovascular function
- Factors influencing cardiovascular function
- Useful data during the assessment phase (subjective and objective)
- Chest pain
- Edema
- Capillary refill time
- Peripheral pulses
- Investigations and diagnostic procedures
- NANDA-I diagnoses related to the topic
- General objectives and NOC results
- NIC interventions
- Management of a cardiovascular emergency (outline)

Physical activity-exercise model: hygiene and self-care
- Definition of self-concept and factors that influence self-concept
- Definition of self-care and factors that influence it
- Useful data in assessment (subjective and objective --> Barthel scale)
- Risk factors to be evaluated during the assessment phase
- NANDA-I diagnoses related to the topic
- General objectives and NOC results
- NIC interventions
- Planning of healthcare interventions for hygiene care
- Hygiene in bed
- Perineal hygiene
- Using the pan
- Hygiene of the oral cavity and dental prostheses
- Fundamentals of care

Physical activity-exercise model: mobility and body mechanics
- Notes on physiological mobility and body mechanics
- Factors affecting movement
- Manifestations of mobility impairment
- Physical and psychosocial consequences of immobility (focus on immobilization syndrome)
- Useful data during the assessment phase (subjective and objective --> changes in mobility)
- Barthel scale
- NANDA-I diagnoses related to the topic
- General objectives and NOC results
- NIC interventions
- Therapeutic positioning
- Mobilization of non-self-sufficient people
- Aids for maintaining posture
- Walking aids

Model: sleep and rest - Notes on the cognitive/perceptual model
- Definition of: sleep and rest, stages of the sleep cycle, physiology of circadian rhythmicity, physiological effects of sleep
- Definition of sleep latency and sleep efficiency
- Factors that influence sleep and rest
- Alteration of sleep and rest
- Useful data during the assessment phase (subjective and objective)
- State of consciousness, space-time orientation, ability to concentrate (notes on the cognitive-perceptual model)
- NANDA-I diagnoses related to the topic
- General objectives and NOC results
- NIC interventions

Model: roles and relationships - Communication and documentation management (outline)
- Definition of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication (Difference Between Communication and Information)
- Elements of communication in the healthcare sector

- Paralanguage

- Reference legislation

- Communication strategies
- Factors affecting communication
- Alteration of communication in the healthcare setting
- What to observe during the assessment phase
- The relationship with other operators (regulatory references)
- Types of clinical documentation
- The handover
- Informed consent
- Hospitalization and discharge: nursing responsibilities

Readings/Bibliography

- Craven RF Hirnle CJ; Principi Fondamentali dell'Assistenza Infermieristica; CEA; 6a Ed. Milano 2017

- Saiani L Brugnolli A; Trattato di cure infermieristiche; Sorbona; 3a Ed. 2021

- Bermann A Snyder SJ Frandsen G; Fondamenti del Nursing sec. Kozier ed Erb; Piccin; 2° Ed. Padova 2023.

- Wilkinson JM; Processo infermieristico e pensiero critico; CEA; 3a Ed. Milano 2013

- NANDA International; Diagnosi infermieristiche - definizione e classificazione 2021/2023; CEA; Milano 2021

- Moorhead S Johnson M Maas ML et al.; Classificazione NOC dei risultati infermieristici – Misurazione dei risultati di salute; CEA; Edizione 2020 Milano

- Bulechek GM Butcher Howard K Dochterman JM et al.; Classificazione NIC degli interventi infermieristici; CEA; Edizione 2020 Milano

Further articles and documents will be suggested at the beginning of the lessons

Teaching methods

Lectures

Clinical cases discussion

Exercises

Assessment methods

Multiple choice quiz that gives the possibility to access the oral exam

Teaching tools

Power Point presentations

Video

 

Office hours

See the website of Marianna Aleandri