- Docente: Paolo Tortora
- Credits: 9
- SSD: ING-IND/05
- Language: Italian
- Moduli: Giacomo Curzi (Modulo 2) Paolo Tortora (Modulo 1)
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures (Modulo 2) Traditional lectures (Modulo 1)
- Campus: Forli
- Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Aerospace Engineering (cod. 9234)
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from Sep 23, 2024 to Dec 16, 2024
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from Sep 18, 2024 to Dec 13, 2024
Learning outcomes
In the three-years Bachelor Degree in Aerospace Engineering, this course is aimed at providing students with the knowledge of all aircraft on-board systems. In all aircraft, a certain number of on-board systems is present, and their relevance is demonstrated by the relative percentage of weight and cost they have on the entire aircraft. It is supposed that students possess the ability to face complex mathematical problems, to size simple aerospace subsystems by means of approximated formulas, to convert between different units and to solve three-dimensional geometric problems.
Course contents
1. GENERAL REMARKS
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Design Phylosophy
1.3 Functional Schemes
1.4 Components Selection
1.5 Working Principles Analysis
1.6 Reliability
1.7 Standards for use and maintenance
2. PLANTS FOR ENERGY TRANSFER
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Energy use on board
2.3 Transfer of mechanical energy
2.4 Design of equipments for power distribution
3. OVERVIEW OF MECHANICS OF FLUIDS
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Main characteristics of hydraulic fluids
3.3 Equation of state and compressibility module
3.4 Form effective compressibility
3.5 Hydrostatic: Pascal's Principle
3.6 Continuity equation
3.7 Energy conservation
3.8 Steady Motion of an incompressible fluid
3.9 Fluid at rest
3.10 Pressure drop distribution
3.11 Discrete Components
3.12 Electrical Analogy
4. HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Generalities on Hydraulic Systems
4.3 Hydraulic Pumps
4.4 Regulation
4.5 Valves
4.6 Servo
4.7 Jacks
4.8 Engines
4.9 Accumulators
4:10 Tanks
4.11 Filters
4.12 Seals and hoses
5. ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Types of power
5.3 Choice of plant
5.4 Energy Generation
5.5 Energy Distribution
5.6 Organs of protection and maneuver
5.7 Electric Motors
5.8 Accumulators
6. PNEUMATIC SYSTEM
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Generation
6.3 Regulation
6.4 Actuators
7. FUEL SYSTEM
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Tanks location
7.3 Types of tanks
7.4 Supply
7.5 Internal architecture of shells
7.6 Fuel Measurement Systems
7.7 Distribution Network
7.8 Plant Sizing
8. PRESSURIZATION AND CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Comfort Conditions
8.3 Pressurization
8.4 Conditioning
8.5 Joules Reverse Cycle
8.6 Bootstrap Cycle
8.7 Steam Cycle
8.8 Distribution
8.9 Auxiliary plant for oxygen
9. ANTI-ICING PLANT
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Mechanism of Formation of ice
9.3 Calculation Method
9.4 Effect of ice formation
9.5 Systems for the prevention of ice formation
9.6 Systems for the removal of the ice
10. LANDING GEAR
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Landing Gear Configurations
10.3 Retraction and Extraction
10.4 Shock
10.5 Brakes
10.6 Anti-skid Systems
10.7 Tires
10.8 Wheels
11. EMERGENCY SYSTEMS
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Alarm Systems
11.3 Fire Systems
11.4 Inhibition of explosion of shells
11.5 Emergency Oxygen
11.6 Renewable energy emergency
11.7 Evacuation of passengers
11.8 Crew Evacuation
11.9 Crash recorder
12. FLIGHT CONTROLS
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Bar Commands
12.3 Cable Controls
12.4 Servo
12.5 Fly-By-Wire
13. ON BOARD INSTRUMENTS
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Magnetic compass
13.3 Pressure Tools
13.3.1 Altimeter
13.3.2 Variometer
13.3.3. Anemometer
13.4 Gyroscopic Instruments
13.4.1 Introduction on gyroscopes
13.4.2 Artificial Horizon
13.4.3 Turn Indicator
13.4.4 Directional Gyro
13.4.5 Gyrocompass
14. AVIONICS
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Communications
14.2.1 Electromagnetic Field
14.2.2 Components of a communication system
14.2.3 Modulated carrier
14.3 Radar
14.4 Types of radar
14.5 Navigation
14.5.1 Radio direction and ADF
14.5.2 VOR and DME
14.5.3 TACAN
14.5.4 Hyperbolic systems
14.5.5 GPS and DGPS
14.5.6 ILS
14.5.7 MLS
14.5.8 Altimeters
14.5.9 Doppler navigation
14.5.10 Inertial navigation
Readings/Bibliography
L. Puccinelli, P. Astori, Dispense del corso di Impianti Aerospaziali, Aggiornamento del 2013, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Politecnico di Milano, Milano (in Italian)
alternatively:
Aircraft Systems by David A. Lombardo. McGraw-Hill. 1999
Teaching methods
Lectures are held by the course teacher. In lecturing hours it is proceeded to the exposure of the arguments, to the explicit demonstration of all mathematical formulas introduced and to the presentation of the methods to solve the problems given in the practicing hours. The proposed exercises require the use of pocket calculators for the solution of the mathematical end engineering problems given by the lecturer.
Assessment methods
The examination has a written and an oral part. The written part constists of two questions related the description of aircraft systems and one relative to the sizing of an aircraft on-board system. Student must reach at least a mark of 5/10 in all questions, and proficiently answer at least two out of the three questions to access the oral part of the examination. Students desiring to access the oral part will be asked a (short) theoretical questions about the subjects explained during the course. In the course of the examination the ability to the student to resolve new problems or at least to set up the correct resolutive strategy will be assessed. The assessment of such ability has a fundamental weight in the attribution of the final marks.
Teaching tools
LCD projector and PC are used in addition to the standard blackboard.
Office hours
See the website of Paolo Tortora
See the website of Giacomo Curzi
SDGs



This teaching activity contributes to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda.