05105 - Kinesiology (IM)

Learning outcomes

At the end of the module, the student possesses the knowledge and the ability to understand the principles of kinesiology in relation to the basic gestures of human movement, the amplitude and quality of the excursion of the articular fulcrums, strength and muscle length.

Course contents

KINESIOLOGY definition

Planes and axes of movement, references to the functional anatomy of bones, joints and muscles. Classification of joints. Types of muscle activation.

 

KINESIOLOGY OF LOWER LIMB

The coxofemoral joint

Anatomical-functional premises. Movement plans. Relationships between the articular surfaces. the joint capsule, the ligaments and the role of the ligament system in movements. Coercion factors. Stability factors. The transverse balance of the pelvis. Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal and external rotation movements and muscles involved during the execution of the movements.

The Knee

Anatomical-functional premises. Axes of movement. The knee joint complex, the joints that constitute it. Knee movements. Joint capsule. The menisci. The collateral ligaments. Anteroposterior and transverse stability. The cruciate ligaments and their mechanical role. The stability of the knee in rotation. The movements of the patella on the femur and in relation to the tibia. The muscles that extend, flex and rotate the knee.

The ankle joint and the foot

Anatomical-functional premises. Flexion-extension movements. The capsule and ligaments of the ankle. Anteroposterior and transverse stability and factors limiting movement. Physiology of the proximal and distal tibio-fibular joints. Muscles involved in movements. Anatomical-functional premises. The adduction-abduction, prone-supination and combined movements. The joints of the foot, the ligament system. The muscles involved in combined movements, the prono-supinator muscles, the abductor and adductor muscles. Sheaths and aponeuroses. The plantar vault and the three arches.

 

KINESIOLOGY OF THE SPINE

General information and anatomical-functional premises. The spine as a whole, the structure. The vertebra type, differences and characteristics of the segments constituting the spine. Functional unit, structure and articulations linked to it. Intervertebral connection elements. Physiology of flexion-extension movements, lateral inclination and rotation of the spine.

The pelvic girdle

Anatomical-functional premises. The joints and the ligament system. Possible movements in relation to the joints. The relationship of the pelvis with the spine and the lower limbs. The muscles involved.

The lumbar spine

The lumbar spine as a whole. The vertebra type and characteristics of the lumbar spine. The ligament system at the lumbar spine. Kinesiology of flexion-extension movements, lateral inclination and rotation of the lumbar spine and their relative amplitudes. Lumbosacral hinge. The muscles involved in movements.

The dorsal spine, the chest, the diaphragm and breathing

The dorsal spine and the thorax as a whole. The dorsal vertebra type. The sternum and ribs. The costal-vertebral and sterno-costal joints. The ligament system of the dorsal tract. The movements of flexion-extension, lateral inclination and axial rotation of the dorsal spine and related deformations of the rib cage and the movements of the cost-vertebral joints. The muscles involved in movements. Breathing and the muscles of respiration. Relationship between the diaphragm and the abdominal muscles. The muscles involved in movements.

The cervical spine

The cervical spine as a whole. The upper and lower cervical spine. The atlas, the axis and the cervical vertebra. The joints and ligament system of the cervical spine. The movements of flexion-extension, lateral inclination and rotation of the upper cervical spine. The movements of flexion-extension, lateral inclination and rotation of the lower cervical spine. The muscles involved in movements.

The head and temporomandibular joints: the skull. The temporomandibular joints, anatomical-functional premises. The possible movements and the muscles involved.

 

KINESIOLOGY OF UPPER LIMB

The Shoulder joint

Anatomical-functional premises. The shoulder joint complex. Movement plans. The joints that constitute this functional system and the capsulo-ligamentous system related to them. Role of the ligaments. Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal rotation movements of the upper limb. Movements of the shoulder girdle. Main and accessory muscles involved to perform movements in the different joints.

The elbow joint

Anatomical-functional premises. The joints and ligaments of the elbow. Flexion-extension and pronation-supination movements. Muscles involved to perform movements. compulsive factors and factors limiting movements.

The wrist and the hand

Anatomical-functional premises. The wrist joint complex. The joints and the ligament system. Possible movements and muscles involved in these movements. Anatomical-functional premises of the hand. The joints of the hand and their ligaments. Hand movements and muscles involved. The thumb, the functionality linked to it. The joint and ligaments, thumb movements, opposition. Musculature involved in the various movements of the hand and thumb, pulleys, tendon sheaths and aponeuroses.

 

 

 

 

Readings/Bibliography

Kapandji I.A.: Functional Anatomy. Monduzzi 2012

Neumann D.A.: Kinesiology of muscoloskeletal system. Piccin 2019

Teaching methods

Frontal lessons

Classroom exercises

Assessment methods

The learning assessment will consist of an written exam with 15 multiple choice questions and 3 open questions.

Teaching tools

PC and video projector

Anatomical models

Office hours

See the website of Laura Archetti