- Docente: Paolo Pillastrini
- Credits: 4
- SSD: MED/48
- Language: Italian
- Teaching Mode: Traditional lectures
- Campus: Bologna
- Corso: First cycle degree programme (L) in Physiotherapy (cod. 8476)
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from Nov 25, 2024 to Jun 06, 2025
Learning outcomes
The student has to be able to calculate the value of the opposite muscular force to the action of the gravity, relatively to the movements and the main articulations. He has moreover to be able to construct the carrier that describes the force of the muscular contraction and to define the moment of the Resistance and the moment of the Power. On the base of the concepts learned in the Anatomy course, the student has to be able to evaluate the stability or instability degree of a articulation and the entity of the muscular contraction needed to contrast the gravitational action and to realize an action of concentric type.
The student has to be able to learn the evaluation methodology of the articular width in the main articulations of the limbs, the vertebral motility indexes, the cirtometrical and perimetrical measurements of the log and the limbs and the measurement modalities of the length of some anatomical districts.
The student has to be able to learn the evaluation methodology of the main muscular groups strength as regard articulations, posture and movements needed to the execution of the usual gestures during daily activities (ADL).
Course contents
GENERAL CONCEPTS AND FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOMECHANICS
a) Sagittal plane
b) Frontal plane
c) Horizontal plane
GENERAL RULES AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Second Principle of Dynamics
Unit of Measurement of Strength
Acceleration due to Gravity
Basic trigonometric formulas applied to the right-angled triangle
THE LEVER
General elements
The First-class Lever
The Second-class Lever
The Third-class Lever
ANTHROPOMETRIC TABLES
Linear Somatic Dimensions: Height
Ponderal Dimensions: Weight
Distances between the Barycentre and the main articular centres
PROCEDURE FOR CALCULATING RESISTANCE
Evaluation of the Resistance Modulus
Evaluation of the Resistance Arm
Evaluation of the angle between the two previous segments
EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE MOMENT
Values specification
Anthropometric Tables referral
Trigonometric rules referral
The Moment of the Resistance and its Unit Measure
BUILDING THE VECTOR ON THE BASIS OF THE MUSCLE ANATOMY
Choosing the Application Point
Choosing the Direction
Choosing the Sense
Choosing the Modulus
VECTOR ANALYSIS
Building the Power Vector
Building the Power Arm
Specifying the angle between the two previous segments
Building the biomechanical rectangle
THE POWER MOMENT
During Isometric contraction
During Concentric contraction
During Eccentric contraction
COMPARISON BETWEEN THE RESISTANCE MOMENT AND THE POWER MOMENT
Conditions for the absence of Movement
Conditions for concentric antigravitational Movement
Conditions for eccentric Movement
ARTICULAR REACTION FORCES
Conditions for the stability of a Joint
Conditions for the instability of a Joint
MOTOR FORCES
Conditions for the absence of Movement
Conditions for concentric antigravitational Movement
Conditions for eccentric Movement
ARTICULAR EVALUATION
MUSCULAR EVALUATION
Readings/Bibliography
S. Casati: "Biomeccanica Clinica in Fisioterapia", Editore Minerva Medica, 2006
M. Marchetti, P. Pillastrini: "Neurofisiologia del Movimento", Casa Editrice Piccin, Padova, 2021 - cap.3 e cap. 26.
S. Ferrari, P. Pillastrini, C. Vanti: "Riabilitazione Integrata delle Lombalgie", Casa Editrice Masson, Milano, 2002 - cap. 2
Clarkson, Hazel M.: “Valutazione Cinesiologica”, EDI-ERMES, MILANO, 2002
H.O. Kendall, F.P. Kendall, G.E. Wadsworth: "I Muscoli - Esame e studio funzionale" - Piccin Editore – Padova, 1985
Teaching methods
Theoretical lessons accompanied by practical demonstrations guided by the teacher.
In consideration of the types of activities and teaching methods adopted, the attendance of this training activity requires all students to carry out modules 1 and 2 in e-learning mode and to participate in a third specific training module on safety and health. in the places of study / internship. Indications on the dates and methods of attendance of the third module will be communicated to the students by the training centers.
Assessment methods
The student must analyze the action of gravitational and muscular forces of a given posture, calculating the moment of resistance and power and determining, also with reference to the specific anthropometric data, the vector form of an agonist muscle for maintaining the indicated posture in delivery. This is followed by a discussion with questions, theoretical and applicative insights on the dynamics of movement and the evolution of the biomechanical conditions in which the movement takes place.
Students at the end of the lessons will also be assessed through a theoretical and practical test, in which they will be asked to describe some of the anatomical structures of a joint district, indicated by the teacher. The teacher will evaluate:
1) Knowledge of the anatomo-kinesiological data of the requested district
2) Ability to carry out the required joint tests
3) Ability to perform the required muscle tests
Teaching tools
Video projector and PC.
Equipped workshops for practical activities guided by the teacher
Office hours
See the website of Paolo Pillastrini