66057 - Theory, techniques and teaching of Motor Activities for Children and Adolescents

Learning outcomes

At the end of the course, the student should have the basic knowledge related to educational aspects (relational, methodological, organizational) that characterize the education and prevention in developmental age. In particular in the following areas: education, leisure time, wellness and health, sport practice.
The student will be able to:

• Organize educative activities according to the principles of prevention and individualization: adequacy, graduality, quantity and variability.
• Choose styles and teaching methods tailored to different age groups and goals.
• Prepare content (exercises and games) mainly related to the following objectives of development: psychological (cognitive, emotive, affective, relational), body control, wellness, prevention.
• Prepare different educational routes according to the principles of multilateralism and versatility applied in different way ( "easy-difficult", "simple-complex", "know-unknow").
• Organize the educational setting appropriate to the objectives to be achieved in relation to its constituent elements: children's age, space and equipment available, time available.
• Relationship with children according to age and stage of intellectual development, with adequate communication.
• Use the didactic aspects of communication, especially in the various phases of motor learning, in relation to the effective stimulation of the correct use of internal and extenal feedback from the children.
  

Course contents

Epistemology.
The term. Gymnastic. Physical Education (PE). Body Education. Psyco Kinetics Education. Psycho Motor Education. Educational route: from Physical Training to Physical Eucation and Welfare Education (education through body and movement).

Pedagogical strategies
Outdoor Education and Learning. Cooperative Learning. Motivational Orientation (Task and Ego orientation)
Motricity Elements.
Motor  activity classification: spontaneous motricity, relationship motricity, educational motricity, sport motricity. Cyclical/continuous movement. Acyclical/non continuous movement. Cyclical/acyclical combination.
Sensory motor system. Perception (proprioception,  exteroception)  and movement. The postural schema and the movement schema. The gross motor skill and fine motor skills. Feedback and movement education.  The motor abilities: coordination abilities, physical abilities, flexibility.

Skills  development in youth age.
Foundamental base skills: walking, running, throwing, climbing, jumping, rolling.  Modality of Skills combination : subsequent movement combination and parallel movement combination. P.E. and cognitive development from stage of concrete thought to the stage of abstract thought.

Development stage and body perception.
Infancy, Childhood, Puberty and Adolescence. Body schema development. Body schema and skills acquisition. Brain dominance and motor laterality. Static and dynamic perception of the body immage.

Methodology and didactics
Educational situation (teaching-learning context). Education concept. Educational relationship. Educational method. Educational communication (reinforce-sanction, scaffolding-fading). Didactics communication (eplanation, correction, orgnization, feedback). Subject didactics. Methods classification: open/closed method. Task presentation method. Teaching style. Didactic setting: teacher, learner, exercise and games, tima, environment. The P.E. equipment. The organizzation of the training/class. The P.E. task proposal: exercise, exercise application, recreational application, game.

Motor Skills
Motor skills vs motor abilities. Open/closed skills. General/tecnical/tactical skills. Cyclucal/acyclical/combinate skills. Skills teaching- learning. Open/closed loop from Adam's schema theory on the  Schmidt's schema theory. Intrinsic/extrinsic Feedback and skill control. Knowledge of result and knowledge of performance in the feedback integration. Learning skills stage.

Game and play
Game as educational proposal. Game classification (Caillois R, Rubin K, Parlebas P, Aucouturier B). Game application. Strategies and tactics in play. Competitive/non competitive games. The sport-play for children.

The prevention in developmental age
The posture concept. Postural analysis. The protocols of postural analysis in developmental age. Tools and aids for the postural analysis, The analysis of the foot. The correlation among posture, visual system and stomatognathic system,
The prevention in the youth approach to the sport. Sport and Health. The risks of the precocious specialization. The physical and psychological prevention. The family approach to the youth sport practice.
The prevention in the adolescent training. The muscular training through the free body exercise. The teaching of the right techniques of use of the artificial overloads. The correct relationship between job and reovery through the modulation of the series and repetitions. The Stretching as a dangerous method if badly used.

Readings/Bibliography

Principal books

• Schmidt RA, Lee TD, Controllo motorio e apprendimento. La ricerca sul comportamento motorio, Calzetti Mariucci Editori, Pg, 2011, Cilia G, L'educazione Fisica, Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padova, 1996
• Farnè R, Sport e infanzia. Un'esperienza formativa tra gioco e impegno, Franco Angeli, MI 2010
• Cilia G, L'educazione fisica. Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padova, 1996
• Tosi R, Scienze e Motricità, Escuolapio Bologna, 1995

Reccomended books

• Milani L, A corpo libero, sport, animazione e gioco. Mondadori Education s.p.a. MI, 2010
• Farnè R, Sport e formazione, Guerini Scientifica, MI, 2008
• Contini M e Manini M, La cura in educazione. Carocci Edtore, Roma, 2007
• Manuzzi P, Pedagogia del gioco e dell'animazione, Guerini e Associati, MI, 2002
• Staccioli G, Il gioco e il giocare, Carocci, Roma, 2002
• Gamelli I, Pedagogia del corpo, Meltemi Edizioni, 2001
• Launder A, Play Practice. The Game Approach to Teaching and Coaching Sport. Human Kinetics, 2001
• Parlebas P, Giochi e sport, Edizioni Capitello, Torino, 1997
• Caillois R, (1967) I giochi e gli uomini. La maschera e la vertigine, Bompani MI, 1995
• Aucouturier B, Il metodo Acouturier. Fantasmi d'azione e pratica psicomotoria, Franco Angeli MI, 2005

Teaching methods

Lectures
Laboratory Lesson and personal Dossier production.
Short teaching experience in primary Italian school. (one morning or afternoon).

Assessment methods

1)    Written examination (closed answer test): this trial to be based on the book “Scienze e motricità” as evaluation of the basic subject knowledge.
2)    Oral examination: this trial to be based on the whole program.
3)    Personal Dossier evaluation (at the same time of the oral examination). The dossier will make by the student on Teacher and tutor's indications.
The final evaluation to be based on the result of the three trial. The most important trial, of course, will be the oral exam.

Teaching tools

Multimedia tools

Office hours

See the website of Andrea Ceciliani

See the website of Alessandro Babini