17363 - Fundamentals of Topography

Course contents

PRINCIPLES Of the POSITIONING
 Shape of the earth.  Classic formulation of the relief.  Gravitational field.  equipotential Surfaces .  Geoidal Height.  Geoid.  Ellipsoidal Geometry.  geocentric and ellipsoidal coordinates.  Geoid Undulations. Normal and geodetic sections.  
Reference Frame and reference system and Geodetic Datum.  Main Geodetic Systems (Datum):  Rome 40, ED50, WGS84.  Observable:  angles, distances, height, absolute position and base GPS. 
 
THEORY Of the ERRORS Errors of measure:  accidental, arranged and rough Probabilities to us.  Aleatory phenomena.  Events and they a priori probability and experiences them.  Random variable.  Variable continuous and discreet, mono and bidimensional.  Cumulative function and function probability density.  Confidence Interval and associate probability.  Parameters of one distribution (aspected value and dispersion).  standardized Random variable.  Covariance and coefficient of correlation.  Champion Esteem of average and variance collection of samples.  Criterion of refusal of gives to you.  Propagation of the average and the variance.  Propagation of the variance:  cases linear and not linear, mono and pluridimensionale.  Applications to the relief problems.  RELIEF Italian treedimensional Geodetic Net.  National geodetic nets.  Problem of the organization of the reliefs.  National GPS IGM95 netowrk.  Trigonometrical net of I, II and III order.  Densification Nets.  Planimetric relief.  Reduction of the measures to the reference surface - elementary Outlines of relief:  intersections in ahead, polar (radiation), Relief of detail.  Altimetrico relief.  Trigonometrical Livellazione:  outline, necessary instrumentation, from an end.  Infuence of the Refraction.  Raggiungibili precisions.  Geometric Livellazione:  outline, necessary instrumentation - raggiungibili Precisions Relief GPS. Preparation and planning.  Independent sessions and bases.  Calculation of the bases.  Transformation in the national system
 
INSTRUMENTS and METHODS OPERATED YOU OF EMPLOYMENT Measure of angles.  Teodoliti.  Constituent parts Put in station - Method of reading of azimuth angles:  rule of Bessel, layers - Reading of zenithal angles them - Teodoliti electronic.  Measure of distances.  Geodimetri.  Principle of operation - fundamental Equation - Precisions orchestrates them, ambient effect - Stations totals.  Measure of unevennesses.  Levels.  Constituent parts.  Level of precision - Stadie invar - Livellazione from means - Precision of one struck and one line.  GPS.  Principle of operation of the system, segments works them.  Structure of marks them.  Errors arranged us of the system.  Receivers.  Observable pseudo range and phase.  PRACTICE Relief GPS:  static bases cinematic Relief and RTK Elaboration give you of the practices

Readings/Bibliography

Available notes
 
Geodesy, Geodetic system, National Geodetic Network, GPS, Survey Instruments, Observation Theory, Least square Adjustment Theory, Cartography

Assessment methods

Oral Exam on the course arguments.

Office hours

See the website of Stefano Gandolfi